Percentage change
Calculate the relative increase or decrease between two values.
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How to use this tool and limits
The formula is (final − initial) / |initial| × 100. Using the absolute initial value makes an increase from a negative number positive. An initial value of zero has no defined percentage change.
Frequently asked questions
What does the sign mean?
A positive result indicates an increase; a negative result indicates a decrease relative to the magnitude of the initial value.